Full name | The Celtic Football Club | |||
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Nickname(s) | The Bhoys, The Hoops, The Celts | |||
Founded | 1888 | |||
Ground | Celtic Park Glasgow, Scotland (Capacity: 60,832) |
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Chairman | Ian Bankier | |||
Manager | Neil Lennon | |||
League | Scottish Premier League | |||
2010–11 | 2nd | |||
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Current season |
Celtic Football Club (pronounced /ˈsɛltɪk/) (LSE: CCP) is a Scottish football club based in the Parkhead area of Glasgow, which currently plays in the Scottish Premier League. The club was established in 1887, and played its first game in 1888. Celtic have won the Scottish League Championship on 42 occasions, most recently in the 2007–08 season, the Scottish Cup 35 times and the Scottish League Cup 14 times. Celtic's home stadium is Celtic Park, the biggest football stadium in Scotland, with a capacity of 60,832. Together with their Glasgow rivals, Rangers, they form the Old Firm, one of the most famous and fierce rivalries in sport. The club's traditional playing colours are green and white hooped shirts with white shorts and white socks.
After reaching the 1967 European Cup Final, Celtic became the first British team, and only Scottish team, to win the European Cup:[1][2] the players, subsequently known as the Lisbon Lions, were all born within a 30-mile radius of Parkhead. Celtic won every competition they entered that season: the Scottish League Championship, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup, the European Cup and the Glasgow Cup. Celtic also reached the 1970 European Cup Final, but were beaten by Feyenoord.
In 2003, Celtic reached the UEFA Cup Final, where they lost 3–2 to Porto. An estimated 80,000 Celtic supporters travelled to Seville for the occasion.[3][4][5] Celtic fans received awards from UEFA and FIFA for their behaviour at the match.[3][6][7] In April 2003 the club was estimated to have a fan base of nine million people, including one million in North America.[8]
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Celtic Football Club was formally constituted at a meeting in St. Mary's church hall in East Rose Street (now Forbes Street), Calton, Glasgow, by Irish Marist Brother Walfrid[9] on 6 November 1887, with the purpose of alleviating poverty in the East End of Glasgow by raising money for the charity Walfrid had instituted, the Poor Children's Dinner Table.[10] Walfrid's move to establish the club as a means of fund-raising was largely inspired by the example of Hibernian who were formed out of the immigrant Irish population a few years earlier in Edinburgh. Walfrid's own suggestion of the name 'Celtic' (pronounced Seltik), was intended to reflect the club's Irish and Scottish roots, and was adopted at the same meeting. The club has the official nickname, "The Bhoys". However, according to the Celtic press office, the newly established club was known to many as "the bold boys". A postcard from the early 20th century that pictured the team, and read "The Bould Bhoys", is the first known example of the unique spelling. The extra 'h' imitates the spelling system of Gaelic, where the letter B is often accompanied by the letter H.
On 28 May 1888, Celtic played their first official match against Rangers and won 5–2 in what was described as a "friendly encounter".[11] Neil McCallum scored Celtic's first ever goal. The squad that played that day was largely composed of players signed from Hibernian.
Celtic's first kit consisted of a white shirt with a green collar, black shorts, and emerald green socks. The original club crest was a simple green cross on a red oval background.
In 1889 Celtic reached the final of the Scottish Cup, this was their first season in the competition, but lost 2-1 in the final. Celtic again reached the final of the Scottish Cup in 1892, but this time were victorious after defeating Queen's Park 5-2 in the final. Several months later the club moved to it's new ground, Celtic Park, and in the following season won the Scottish League Championship for the first ever time.[11] In 1895, Celtic set the League record for the highest home score when they beat Dundee 11-0.[12]
In 1897 the club became a Private limited company and Willie Maley was appointed as the first 'secretary-manager'. Between 1905 and 1910, Celtic won the Scottish League Championship six times in a row.[11] In both 1907 and 1908 Celtic also won the Scottish Cup, this was the first time a Scottish club had ever won the Double.[11] During World War I, Celtic won the league four times in a row.[11]
Ex-player and captain Jimmy McGrory took over in 1945. Under McGrory, Celtic defeated Arsenal, Manchester United and Hibernian to win the Coronation Cup, a one-off tournament held in May 1953 to commemorate the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II.
On 19 October 1957, Celtic trounced Rangers a record 7–1 in the final of the Scottish League Cup at Hampden Park in Glasgow, retaining the trophy they had won for only the first time the previous year. The scoreline remains a record win in a British domestic cup final.
Former Celtic captain Jock Stein succeeded McGrory in 1965. Stein guided Celtic to nine straight Scottish League wins from 1966 to 1974, establishing a world record which was not equalled until 1997.
1967 was Celtic's annus mirabilis. The club won every competition they entered: the Scottish League, the Scottish Cup, the Scottish League Cup, the Glasgow Cup, and the European Cup. Under the leadership of Stein, the club defeated Internazionale 2–1 at the Estádio Nacional in Lisbon, on 25 May 1967. Celtic thus became the first British team, and the first from outside Spain, Portugal and Italy to win the competition. They remain the only Scottish team to have reached the final. The players that day subsequently became known as the 'Lisbon Lions'. Jimmy 'Jinky' Johnstone, Bobby Lennox and Bobby Murdoch formed part of that famous team, and now rank among the greatest ever Celtic players. The following year Celtic lost to Racing Club of Argentina in the Intercontinental Cup.
Celtic reached the European Cup Final again in 1970, but were beaten 2–1 by Feyenoord at the Stadio Giuseppe Meazza in Milan.
Despite further domestic success in the 1980s, the Bank of Scotland informed Celtic that it was calling in the receivers on 3 March 1994 as a result of the club exceeding a £5 million overdraft. However, expatriate businessman Fergus McCann wrested control of the club, and ousted the family dynasties which had controlled Celtic since its foundation. According to media reports, McCann took over the club minutes before it was to be declared bankrupt.[13] McCann reconstituted the club business as a public limited company - Celtic PLC - and oversaw the redevelopment of Celtic Park into a 60,832 all-seater stadium. In 1998, under Dutchman Wim Jansen Celtic won the title again and prevented Rangers from beating Celtic's 9-in-a-row record.[14]
Martin O'Neill, a former European Cup winner with Nottingham Forest, took charge of the club in June 2000.[15] Under his leadership, Celtic won three SPL championships out of five[16] and in his first season in charge, the club also won the domestic treble,[17] making O'Neill only the second Celtic manager to do so after Jock Stein.[18]
In 2003, around 80,000 Celtic fans travelled to watch the club compete in the UEFA Cup Final in Seville.[6][7] Celtic lost 3–2 to FC Porto after extra time, despite two goals from Henrik Larsson during normal time.[19] The exemplary conduct of the thousands of travelling Celtic supporters received widespread praise from the people of Seville (not one supporter was arrested) and the fans were awarded prestigious Fair Play Awards from both FIFA and UEFA "for their extraordinarily loyal and sporting behaviour".[3][4]
Gordon Strachan was announced as O'Neill's replacement in June 2005 and after winning the SPL title in his first year in charge,[20] he became only the third Celtic manager to win three titles in a row. He also guided Celtic to their first UEFA Champions League knockout stage in 2006-07[21] and repeated the feat in 2007-08[22] before departing the club in May 2009, after failing to win the SPL title.[23] Tony Mowbray took charge of the club in June 2009,[24] and he was succeeded a year later by Neil Lennon.[25] In November 2010, Celtic set a Scottish Premier League record for the biggest win in SPL history defeating Aberdeen 9-0 at Celtic Park.[26]
Celtic's first signings of the 2011–12 season were Adam Matthews[27] and Kelvin Wilson[28] on free transfers from Cardiff City and Nottingham Forest respectively. Youth player Dylan McGeouch also joined from Rangers on a free.[29] Celtic signed Kenyan international Victor Wanyama from K. Beerschot AC for £900,000.[30] Mohamed Bangura also joined the club in a £2.2 million deal from AIK Stockholm.[31] Badr El Kaddouri[32] and Fraser Forster[33] joined on loan deals from Dynamo Kyiv and Newcastle United.
Celtic started their pre-season with a three match tour of Australia, losing against Central Coast Mariners then beating Perth Glory and Melbourne Victory.[34] Celtic then finished second in the Dublin Super Cup after losing 2–1 to Internazionale on 30 July then beating a League of Ireland select side, 5–0, the next day. The other team competing was Manchester City who won the competition.[35] Celtic also played friendlies against Premier League teams Wolves[36] and Swansea City,[37] as well as Championship side Cardiff City.[38]
Celtic's U19 squad played in the inaugural tournament of the NextGen series.[39] Celtic were drawn in Group 1, alongside Barcelona, Marseille and Manchester City.[40]
Celtic were drawn against Swiss Cup winners FC Sion in the play-off round of the Europa League.[41] Sion won 3–1 on aggregate, however were found guilty of fielding ineligible players by UEFA and were excluded from the competition. As a result of this Celtic took their place in the group stage along with Atlético Madrid, Udinese and Stade Rennais.[42]
Celtic's first SPL match of the season was against Hibernian at Easter Road on 24 July.[43] Celtic won 2–0 thanks to goals from Stokes and Ki Sung-Yueng.[44]
Celtic drew Ross County in the third round of the League Cup.[45]
For Celtic's first season they wore a white top with black shorts and black and green hooped socks. This kit featured a green Celtic cross inside a red circle. Next season they changed to a green and white vertically striped top and for the next fourteen years this remained unchanged. In 1903 Celtic adopted their famous green and white hooped tops.[46]
Celtic's stadium is Celtic Park, which is in the Parkhead area of Glasgow. Celtic Park, an all-seater stadium with a capacity of 60,832,[47] is the largest football stadium in Scotland and the sixth-largest stadium in the United Kingdom, after Murrayfield, Old Trafford, Twickenham, Wembley and the Millennium Stadium. It is commonly known as Parkhead[48] or Paradise.[49][47]
Celtic first laid out a ground in the Parkhead area in 1888.[50] The club moved to a different site in 1892, however, when the rental charge was greatly increased.[51] The new site was developed into an oval shaped stadium, with vast terracing sections.[52] The record attendance of 83,500 was set by an Old Firm derby on 1 January 1938.[51] The terraces were covered and floodlights were installed between 1957 and 1971.[51] The Taylor Report mandated that all major clubs should have an all-seated stadium by August 1994.[53] Celtic was in a bad financial position in the early 1990s and no major work was carried out until Fergus McCann took control of the club in March 1994. He carried out a plan to demolish the old terraces and develop a new stadium in a phased rebuild, which was completed in August 1998.[54]
Celtic Park has often been used as a venue for Scotland internationals and Cup Finals, particularly when Hampden Park has been unavailable.[55] Before the First World War, Celtic Park hosted various other sporting events, including composite rules shinty-hurling,[56] track and field and the 1897 Track Cycling World Championships.[51] Open-air masses,[51] and First World War recruitment drives have also been held there.[57] Celtic Park has occasionally been used for concerts, including performances by The Who and U2.[58]
In 2003 Celtic were estimated to have a fan base of nine million people, including one million in the USA and Canada.[8] There are over 160 Celtic Supporters Clubs in over 20 countries around the world.[59] In 2009 marketing agency, Sports Revolution estimated that there were 7 million Celtic fans in Japan, mainly due to the influence of Shunsuke Nakamura.[60]
In 2003, an estimated 80,000 Celtic supporters, many without match tickets, travelled to Seville in Spain for the UEFA Cup Final,[3][4][5] The club's fans subsequently received awards from UEFA and FIFA for their behaviour at the match.[3][4]
In the 2010–11 season, Celtic had the highest average home attendance of any Scottish club.[61] They also had the 13th highest average attendance out of all the football clubs in Europe.
Celtic's traditional rivals are Rangers; collectively, the two clubs are known as the Old Firm. The two have dominated Scottish football's history; between them, they have won the Scottish league championship 96 times since its inception in 1890 – all other clubs combined have won 19 championships. The two clubs are also by far the most supported in Scotland, with Celtic having the third highest home attendance in the UK.[62] Celtic have a historic association with the people of Ireland and Scots of Irish descent, who are both mainly Roman Catholic. Traditionally fans of rivals Rangers came from Scottish or Northern Ireland Protestant backgrounds and support British Unionism.
The clubs have attracted the support of opposing factions in the political difficulties of Northern Ireland, which intensified the rivalry in Scotland.[63] Anti-sectarian charity Nil by Mouth notes that some supporters use songs, chants and banners on match days to express abuse or support towards the Protestant or Catholic faiths and proclaim support for Northern Irish based terrorist groups such as the IRA and UVF.[64] A study in 2008 by the University of Strathclyde found that the Old Firm rivalry was "strongly linked to the conflict in Northern Ireland".[63]
There have been nearly 400 Old Firm matches played as of 2011. The games have been described as having an "atmosphere of hatred, religious tension and intimidation which continues to lead to violence in communities across Scotland."[64] The rivalry has fuelled many assaults and even deaths on Old Firm Derby days. Admissions to hospital emergency rooms have been reported to increase ninefold over normal levels[65] and journalist Franklin Foer noted that in the period from 1996 to 2003, eight deaths in Glasgow were directly linked to Old Firm matches, and hundreds of assaults.[65][66] Rangers fans' singing of the Famine song has also caused controversy.[67][68][69][70]
Both sets of fans fought an on-pitch battle in the aftermath of Celtic's 1–0 victory in the 1980 Scottish Cup final at Hampden Park.[71] There was serious fan disorder during an Old Firm match played in May 1999 at Celtic Park; missiles were thrown by Celtic fans, including one which struck referee Hugh Dallas, who needed medical treatment, and a small number of fans invaded the pitch.[72]
Celtic have taken measures to reduce sectarianism.[63] In 1996, the club launched its Bhoys Against Bigotry campaign, later followed by Youth Against Bigotry to "educate the young on having ... respect for all aspects of the community — all races, all colours, all creeds".[73]
In March 2008, UEFA investigated Celtic fans for alleged sectarian singing at a match against Barcelona.[74] However, the case was dropped before the end of the month due to a lack of evidence.[75]
Some groups of Celtic fans express their support for Irish republicanism and the Irish Republican Army by singing or chanting about them at matches.[76][77] This is sometimes misrepresented as being sectarian, however, while offensive, it is not sectarian.[78][79][80][81][82] UEFA head of communications William Gaillard, when talking about the matter in 2006, said that IRA chanting was a nationalist issue and was similar to fans of other clubs, such as Barcelona and Athletic Bilbao, who support nationalist movements in their own countries. He also stated that only in Balkan countries, where some fans show support for organisations that had engaged in ethnic cleansing, was the situation different because these organisations were by their nature discriminatory. He said that this did not apply to the IRA.[83]
In 2008 and 2010, there were protests by small groups of fans over the team wearing the poppy symbol for Remembrance Day, as it is a divisive symbol in Ireland.[84][85] Celtic expressed disapproval of these protests, saying they were damaging to the image of the club and its fans, and pledged to ban those involved.[76][85][86]
In November 2011 UEFA launched an investigation into Celtic about alleged "illicit chanting" during their Europa League tie against Rennes on 3 November 2011.[87] The hearing took place on 9 December 2011,[88] and the club was fined £12,700 for the offence.[89] Also in November 2011, the Scottish Premier League announced an investigation into Celtic over "pro-IRA" chanting by fans during a match against Hibernian the previous month.[90] The investigation concluded on 5 December 2011, with the SPL stating that "It is not disputed that a small number of Celtic fans engaged in singing and chanting in support of the IRA". However, Celtic were deemed to have taken all "reasonably practicable steps" to try and prevent the behaviour so no action was taken against them. The SPL also stated that repeated condemnation of the chants by manager Neil Lennon as well as chief executive Peter Lawwell had been taken into consideration.[91]
In 1965, Celtic began publishing The Celtic View, the oldest club magazine in football.[92]
In 2004, Celtic launched their own digital TV channel called Celtic TV, which was available in the UK through Setanta Sports on satellite and cable platforms. Due to the collapse of Setanta in the UK in June 2009, Celtic TV stopped broadcasting, although the club hoped to find a new broadcast partner.[93]
Since 2002, Celtic's Internet TV channel Channel67 (previously known as Celtic Replay) broadcast Celtic's own content worldwide and offered live match coverage to subscribers outside the UK. It also provided three online channels.
In 2011, Celtic TV was relaunched as an online service and replaced Channel 67.[94][95]
Celtic was initially founded to raise money for the poor in the East End of Glasgow and the club still retain strong charitable traditions today.[96]
On 9 August 2011 Celtic held a testimonial match in honour of former player John Kennedy. Due to the humanitarian crisis in East Africa, the entire proceeds were donated to Oxfam. An estimated £300,000 was raised.[97]
In 1995 the Celtic charity fund was formed with the aim of "revitalising Celtic's charitable traditions" and to August 2011 has raised over £3.5 million.[98][99]
Celtic hold an annual charity fashion show at Celtic Park. In 2011 the main beneficiaries were Breast Cancer Care Scotland.[99]
Yorkhill Hospital is another charity with whom Celtic are affiliated and in December 2011 the club donated £3000 to it. Chief Executive Peter Lawwell said that; "Celtic has always been much more than a football club and it is important that, at all times we play an important role in the wider community. The club is delighted to have enjoyed such a long and positive connection with Yorkhill Hospital."[100]
Since its inception in 1888, Celtic had been a private company owned by several family "dynasties".[101]
On 4 March 1994, Canadian expatriate businessman Fergus McCann bought Celtic for £9 million.[102] The club were within 24 hours of entering receivership due to a £5 million overdraft.[101][103] He turned Celtic into a Public limited company through a share issue which raised over £14 million, this was the most successful share issue in British football history.[104][101] He also built a new stadium, which was, at the time Britain's biggest.[105][106] This allowed Celtic to progress as a club because over £20 million was being raised each year from season ticket sales.[101]
McCann had maintained from the outset that he would only be at Celtic for five years and in September 1999 he officially announced that his 50.3% stake in Celtic was for sale. McCann had always wanted the ownership of Celtic to be spread as widely as possible and gave first preference to existing shareholders and season-ticket holders. This was to stop a new consortium taking over the club.[107]
On 15 August 2011, Celtic's financial results for year ending 30 June 2011 were published, showing that the club's debt had been reduced from over £5.5 million to £500,000 and that a pre-tax profit of £100,000 had been achieved. In comparison to the previous year which had a loss of over £2 million. Turnover also decreased by 15% from £63 million to £52 million.[108]
Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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Note: Flags indicate national team as has been defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
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For Celtic's reserve and youth squads, see Celtic F.C. Reserve and Youth squads
Position[112] | Name |
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Chairman | Ian Bankier |
Chief Executive | Peter Lawwell |
Financial Director | Eric J. Riley |
Senior Independent Director | Tom Allison |
Independent Non-Executive Director | Dermot Desmond |
Independent Non-Executive Director | Brian Duffy |
Independent Non-Executive Director | Ian Livingston |
Independent Non-Executive Director | Brian Wilson |
Company Secretary | Robert Howat |
Commercial Director | Adrian Filby[113] |
Director of International Development | Jason Hughes[114] |
Position | Name |
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Manager | Neil Lennon[115] |
Assistant Manager | Johan Mjällby[116] |
First Team Coach | Alan Thompson,[117] Garry Parker[118] |
Reserve Team Coach | Danny McGrain |
Head of Youth and Academy | Chris McCart |
Head of Intermediate Academy | John McLaughlin |
Under 19 Coach | Stephen Frail |
Under 17 Coach | Miodrag Krivokapić |
Goalkeeping Coach | Stevie Woods |
Club Doctor | David Pugh[119] |
Head of Sports Science | Kenny McMillan |
Physiotherapist | Graham Parsons |
Kit Controller | John Clark |
Football Development Manager | John Park |
* 1975 trophy shared with Rangers after a 2–2 draw
Name | Nationality | From | To | Scottish League | Scottish Cup | Scottish League Cup | European Cup | Total |
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Willie Maley | Scotland | 1897 | 1940 | 16 | 14 | — | — | 30 |
Jimmy McStay | Scotland | 1940 | 1945 | 0 | 0 | — | — | 0 |
Jimmy McGrory | Scotland | 1945 | 1965 | 1 | 2 | 2 | — | 5 |
Jock Stein | Scotland | 1965 | 1978 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 1 | 25 |
Billy McNeill | Scotland | 1978 | 1983 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 5 |
David Hay | Scotland | 1983 | 1987 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
Billy McNeill | Scotland | 1987 | 1991 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 3 |
Liam Brady | Ireland | 1991 | 1993 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Lou Macari | Scotland | 1993 | 1994 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Tommy Burns | Scotland | 1994 | 1997 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Wim Jansen | Netherlands | 1997 | 1999 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
Jozef Vengloš | Slovakia | 1998 | 1999 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
John Barnes | England | 1999 | 2000 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Kenny Dalglish | Scotland | 2000 | 2000 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
Martin O'Neill | Northern Ireland | 2000 | 2005 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 7 |
Gordon Strachan | Scotland | 2005 | 2009 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 6 |
Tony Mowbray | England | 2009 | 2010 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Neil Lennon | Northern Ireland | 2010– | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
Rank | Name | Career | Goals |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Jimmy McGrory | 1922–1937 | 468 |
2 | Bobby Lennox | 1961–1978 1979–1980 |
273 |
3 | Henrik Larsson | 1997–2004 | 242 |
4 | Stevie Chalmers | 1958–1971 | 231 |
5 | Jimmy Quinn | 1900–1917 | 217 |
6 | Patsy Gallacher | 1911–1926 | 192 |
7 | John Hughes | 1960–1971 | 189 |
8 | Sandy McMahon | 1891–1903 | 171 |
9 | Jimmy McMenemy | 1902–1920 | 168 |
10 | Kenny Dalglish | 1969–1977 | 167 |
Rank | Name | Career | Goals |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Jimmy McGrory | 1922–1937 | 397 |
2 | Jimmy Quinn | 1900–1917 | 187 |
3 | Patsy Gallacher | 1911–1926 | 186 |
4 | Henrik Larsson | 1997–2004 | 174 |
6 | Bobby Lennox | 1961–1978 1979–1980 |
167 |
6 | Stevie Chalmers | 1958–1971 | 159 |
7 | Jimmy McMenemy | 1902–1920 | 144 |
8 | Sandy McMahon | 1891–1903 | 130 |
9 | Adam McLean | 1917–1928 | 128 |
10 | John Hughes | 1960–1971 | 115 |
Rank | Name | Career | Apps |
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1 | Billy McNeill | 1957–1975 | 790 |
2 | Paul McStay | 1981–1997 | 678 |
3 | Roy Aitken | 1976–1990 | 669 |
4 | Danny McGrain | 1970–1987 | 661 |
5 | Packie Bonner | 1978–1995 | 642 |
6 | Bobby Lennox | 1961–1978 1979–1980 |
587 |
7 | Bobby Evans | 1944–1960 | 548 |
8 | Jimmy Johnstone | 1962–1975 | 515 |
9 | Jimmy McMenemy | 1902–1920 | 515 |
10 | Tommy Burns | 1975–1989 | 504 |
See List of Celtic F.C. players for players with over 100 appearances, List of Celtic F.C. international footballers and Category:Celtic FC players
Greatest ever Celtic team |
The following team was voted the greatest ever Celtic team by supporters in 2002:[140]
To November 2011, 21 Celtic players and managers have entered the Scottish Football Hall of Fame:[141]
The Scotland national football team roll of honour recognises players who have gained 50 or more international caps for Scotland. Inductees to have played for Celtic are:[147]
In the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame, five Celtic players have been selected, they are:
As of January 2011, Celtic are sponsored by:[153]
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